Despite the benefits, experts like Naveen Lamba from IBM note that there are ongoing concerns regarding the reliability of video-only systems and the privacy of the data collected.
Passage Summary Paraphrase: The evolution of tolling systems moved rapidly from basic RFID tags to complex networks. Today, cities use these devices to enforce 5. [congestion pricing] , which charges drivers fluctuating rates based on the time of day. While this effectively manages urban gridlock, it has sparked intense debates regarding citizen 6. [privacy] due to the continuous monitoring of vehicular movement. Answer 4: infrastructure (or technological ) Answer 5: congestion pricing (or dynamic pricing ) Answer 6: privacy (or surveillance ) Vocabulary Boost for this Passage
In an IELTS exam, this passage would be followed by 13–14 questions. Below are the most common question types for this kind of text, along with the correct answers and explanations. e-zpass was just the beginning ielts reading answers
To successfully answer the questions, you must first understand the structural narrative of the article. The text generally covers the following chronological and thematic points:
The text describes the system as "automatic" and "cashless," reducing human interaction and staff needs. Despite the benefits, experts like Naveen Lamba from
The text explores how electronic tolling is moving beyond standard transponders like E-ZPass. It mentions that while radio-tag systems remain popular, newer agencies are adopting that reads license plate numbers to charge owners directly.
The exam frequently features academic texts exploring technological advancements, urban planning, and their impacts on society. One such common passage focuses on the evolution of automated toll systems—starting with the well-known E-ZPass —and how this technology acts as a precursor to broader smart city applications. Answer 4: infrastructure (or technological ) Answer 5:
Paragraph 4 directly contradicts this: Amy Finkelstein "found that drivers who pay their tolls electronically are less aware of the rates they pay." Electronic users are less aware, not more.
Present, appearing, or found everywhere.